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Alexis de Tocqueville

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Alexis de Tocqueville.

American Nightmares

Wang Huning and Alexis de Tocqueville’s dark vision of the future.
Portrait of Alexis de Tocqueville

Bourgeois Stew: Alexis de Tocqueville

In contrast to feudal society, where everyone, lord or serf, remained rooted to the land, and words were ‘passed on'.
Protesters outside the United States Supreme Court.

What Tocqueville Saw in the Courts

Tocqueville understood how constitutional review, without meaningful checks, could enable judicial despotism.
Portrait of Alexis de Tocqueville

‘A Great Democratic Revolution’

Alexis de Tocqueville left France to study the American prison system and returned with the material that would become “Democracy in America.”
A painting of Napoleon Bonaparte standing in the center of the National Assembly.

Liberalism and Equality

Liberalism’s relationship to equality has, his­torically, been far from a warm embrace.
People pray outside the US Supreme Court in Washington, DC, on June 27, 2022.

Separation of Church and State Has Always Been Good for Religion

The US Supreme Court's most recent decisions undermine centuries of established secularism within American government.
Portrait of Alexis de Tocqueville

Tocqueville’s Uneasy Vision of American Democracy

American government succeeded, Tocqueville thought, because it didn’t empower the people too much.
Illustration of a stick figure on a ladder adding to very tall stacks of paper

Living Memory

Black archivists, activists, and artists are fighting for justice and ethical remembrance — and reimagining the archive itself.
Trump shaking hands with wealthy supporters.

Even the Founding Fathers Couldn’t Envision a President Like Trump

Reflections on Alexander Hamilton, Alexis de Tocqueville, and the power of the presidency.

“The Town Was Us”

How the New England town became the mythical landscape of American democracy.
"Liberty Leading the People," an 1830 painting by Eugene Delacroix.

Religion and the Republic

Looking to the French Revolution and the writings of Tocqueville for insight into Trump’s America.
Eastern State Penitentiary, c. 1876.

A Brief History of Solitary Confinement

Dickens, Tocqueville, and the U.N. all agree about this American invention: It’s torture.
Pony Express postage stamp depicting man riding horse
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You've Got Mail

The rise and fall of the Post Office from Tocqueville to Fred Rogers.
The US Continental Divide at the top of Loveland Pass, Colorado, 1964.
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The Invention of the Continental Divide

A Civil War-era push for unity helped transform a little-known geographic boundary into a powerful symbol of American identity.
Side-by-side images of Cherokee Trail of Tears and Palestinian forced migration.

First the Cherokee, Now the Palestinians

Revisiting U.S. attitudes toward the Cherokee shows how the rhetoric of oppressors stays consistent. The rationalizations for ethnic cleansing do not change.
Painting of Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson of the Committee of Five work on drafting the Declaration.

The Declaration Still Unites Our Nation

As we celebrate the 250th anniversary of American independence, our founding charter remains central to our national life.
Pixilated image of Alexander Hamilton.

The Rise of the Tech Hamiltonians

The political coalition that has formed under Trump’s banner has the potential to reshape American politics.
Illustration of a man typing on a computer with the Star of David as the computer's image.

The Return of the Jewish Question

The “Jewish Question” is a scapegoating conspiracy. This essay traces its appeal, partial truths, and why it falsely absolves America of blame.
The American flag as two speech balloons.

The Ideal That Underlies the Declaration of Independence

Restoring stability to American politics will require reviving an age-old concept: common ground.
Abandoned church in Coaldale, Pennsylvania, with an American flag hanging upside down over its door.

The Decline and Fall of Christianity in America

If we imagine religion as a technology, argues Notre Dame sociologist Christian Smith, we can better see the cause of its decline: obsolescence.