Lithograph of Eastern State Penitentiary from above.

The Invention of Incarceration

Prisons have been controversial since their beginnings in the late 1700s — why do they keep failing to live up to expectations?

The Intelligence Coup of the Century

For decades, the CIA read the encrypted communications of allies and adversaries.

Russians Were Once Banned From a Third of the U.S.

Soviet ban? What Soviet ban?
Street map of San Francisco marking the old shoreline and the locations of dozens of buried ships.

New Map Reveals Ships Buried Below San Francisco

Dozens of vessels that brought gold-crazed prospectors to the city in the 19th century still lie beneath the streets.

Mapping the Urban Bike Utopias of the 1890s

Bicycle mania swept the nation at the end of the 19th century. Can it happen again?
CIA map of food sufficiency in Japan from 1945.

See the Historic Maps Declassified by the CIA

A new gallery provides a rare look inside the 75-year history of the agency’s mapping unit.

Here's How Memes Went Viral - In the 1800s

The Infectious Texts project is the compilation of 41,829 issues of 132 newspapers from the Library of Congress.