Bylines

Khalil Gibran Muhammad

The Origins of Policing in America

How American policing grew out of efforts to control the labor of poor and enslaved people.
White state militia man with rifle confronting a Black man in a U.S. military uniform, while others look on.

How Racist Policing Took Over American Cities

"The problem is the way policing was built," historian Khalil Muhammad says.

It Really Is Different This Time

Two dozen experts consider the George Floyd protests in light of protests past.

The History of Lynching and the Present of Policing

A new documentary on Michael Brown comes just in time.
U.S. and Confederate flags adorn a pickup truck.

The Descent of Democracy

While the U.S. has expanded its borders of inclusion over time, the borders of whiteness have never fallen. Only a robust black public sphere can change that.