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Ray Raphael

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Viewing 1–6 of 6 written by Ray Raphael
A drawing of the Declaration of Independence being announced to a crowd.

Declarations Before THE Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson's declaration might be the most famous, but it wasn't the first.
by Ray Raphael via Journal of the American Revolution on June 30, 2026
Record of loyalist protest redacted in the official town record book of Worcester, Massachusetts.

When Some Americans First Lost Their Constitution

Parliament's 1774 revocation of Massachusetts's charter and the representative government it enshrined was the last straw for many colonists in Worcester.
by Ray Raphael via Journal of the American Revolution on March 3, 2026
Benjamin Franklin

A Kingly Government? Benjamin Franklin's Great Fear

When the founders were hashing out how they would structure the executive branch, some were concerned about placing too much authority in one person.
by Ray Raphael via Journal of the American Revolution on October 21, 2024

Was the Declaration of Independence Signed on July 4?

How memory plays tricks with history.
by Ray Raphael via Journal of the American Revolution on October 10, 2017
Currier and Ives print depicting Patrick Henry giving his "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death" speech.

Patrick Henry’s “Liberty or Death”—Granddaddy of Revolution Mythologies

Hidden within this most pervasive mythology of the Revolution is a distortion of the Revolutionary experience.
by Ray Raphael via Journal of the American Revolution on July 13, 2015
George Washington

Why Did George Washington Become a Revolutionary?

How did George Washington, one of America’s elite 1%, become its leading revolutionary? His evolution came in stages.
by Ray Raphael via Journal of the American Revolution on February 16, 2015
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