Excerpts

Curated stories from around the web.
New on Bunk
McDonald's parking lot.

A Crispy, Salty, American History of Fast Food

Adam Chandler’s new book explores the intersection between fast food and U.S. history.
Frank J. Malina poses at the White Sands Missile Range, 1945.

The Rocket Scientist Who Had to Elude the FBI Before He Could Escape Earth

Frank Malina's scientific dreams were as radical as his politics.
Political cartoon of Columbia giving the Civil Rights bill to a Black man.

What Are These Civil Rights Laws?

The context and aftermath of the Supreme Court’s decision to kill the Civil Rights Act of 1875.

Before the Central Park Five, There Was the Trenton Six

In both cases, false confessions were used against a group of black men with only precarious links to one another.

The Fourth of July Has Always Been Political

The question is which vision of America it’s being used to advance.
Arrest of Karl Muck (center), Boston, Dec. 31, 1916.

The “Star-Spangled Banner” Hysteria of 1917

The Boston Symphony’s refusal to play the national anthem in its one concerts triggered a xenophobic panic that led an arrest.

The Eugenicists on Abortion

Contrary to what Clarence Thomas recently claimed, eugenicists never favored abortion as a means of population control.

What to an American Is the Fourth of July?

Power comes before freedom, not the other way around.

What Could Go Wrong for Trump on July 4th? In 1970, Protests and Tear Gas Marred the Day.

"Honor America Day" was designed to showcase support for President Nixon at a time of bitter division.

How the American Flag Became Sacred—and the Hottest Brand in the Nation

It took decades for the "flag cult" as we know it to get rolling.
Liberty bell.

The Sounds of Independence

How was the Fourth of July celebrated during the Revolutionary War?
Supreme Court building under dark rainclouds.

The Supreme Court Is in Danger of Again Becoming ‘the Grave of Liberty’

Supreme Court decisions have practical consequences, which justices too often blithely ignore.
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The Ominous History Surrounding President Trump’s Fourth of July Rally

White nationalists have long used the holiday to advance their dreams of a white country.

A Short History of Country Music’s Multicultural Mishmash

Or everything that came before Lil Nas X and Billy Ray Cyrus walked down that “Old Town Road.”
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The Constitutional Revolution a Century Ago That Is Shaping the 2020 Election

And why we need another one.

The Fitness Craze That Changed the Way Women Exercise

Fifty years after Jazzercise was founded, it is still shaping how Americans work out—for better or for worse.
Glowing white "No" against a red background.

“Perhaps We’re Being Dense.” Rejection Letters Sent to Famous Writers

Some kind, some weird, some unbelievably harsh.
A protest with a Gay Liberation Front banner.

Edmund White on Stonewall, the ‘Decisive Uprising’ of Gay Liberation

At what point does resistance become the only choice?

Before Stonewall, There Was a Bookstore

Networks of activists transformed Stonewall from an isolated event into a turning point in the struggle for gay power.

Here’s How Deep Biden’s Busing Problem Runs

And why the Democrats can’t use it against him.

The Theory That Justified Anti-Gay Crime

Fifty years after Stonewall, the gay-panic defense seems absurd. But, for decades, it had the power of law.
Pride parade passes the Stonewall Inn.
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Stonewall's Legacy and Kwame Anthony Appiah's Misuse of History

The New York Times should have done a better job fact-checking Appiah’s essay. Philosophy may be allegorical. History isn’t.

To Evade Pre-Prohibition Drinking Laws, New Yorkers Created the World's Worst Sandwich

It was everywhere at the turn of the 20th century. It was also inedible.
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A Brief History of the Theory Trump and Barr Use to Resist Congressional Oversight

Is Trump's power as president becoming just what the Founders feared?

One of D-Day’s Most Famous, Heroic Assaults May Have Been Unnecessary

Pointe du Hoc’s importance as a military objective has become the subject of heated debate as the invasion’s anniversary approaches.

The Birthplace of American Slavery Debated Abolishing it After Nat Turner’s Bloody Revolt

Virginia engaged in “the most public, focused, and sustained discussion of slavery and emancipation that ever occurred."

How Racial Data Gets 'Cleaned' in the U.S. Census

The national survey offers more identity choices than ever—until those choices get scrubbed away.

How Cars Transformed Policing

Most communities barely had a police force and citizens shared responsibility for enforcing laws. Then the car changed everything.

Oral Histories of The 1969 Cuyahoga River Fire

The events of June 1969 have come to define both Cleveland and the river. Some Clevelanders have a different story.
Pride flags outside the Stonewall Inn.

The Forgotten History of Gay Entrapment

Routine arrests were the linchpin of a social system intended to humiliate LGBTQ people.
Poster for U.S. Census reading "Have your papers ready," featuring Uncle Sam writing in book
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Beyond Numbers: A History of the U.S. Census

To mark the culmination of Census 2010, we explore the fascinating story of how Americans have counted themselves.

One Reason Why White People in the South Have More Bias Against Black Americans

Research finds that white people in regions that were heavily dependent on slavery are more likely to harbor unconscious racism.
Emma Grimes Robinson

These Photo Albums Offer a Rare Glimpse of 19th-Century Boston’s Black Community

Thanks to the new acquisition, scholars at the Athenaeum library are connecting the dots of the city’s history of abolitionists.

Fear and Loathing of the Green New Deal

What the backlash to the emergency legislation reveals about the age-old pathologies of the right.

How Spaghetti Westerns Shaped Modern Cinema

In the realism, the set pieces, the operatic music, Sergio Leone was pointing the way towards modern filmmaking.
Bucket of indigo dye.
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Colonialism Created Navy Blue

The indigo dye that created the Royal Navy's signature uniform color was only possible because of imperialism and slavery.

Whitman, Melville, & Julia Ward Howe: A Tale of Three Bicentennials

The difference between the careers and reputations of the three famous authors is about gender as well as genius.

The Artists and Writers Who Fought Racism With Satire in Jim Crow Mississippi

How William Faulkner and a small group of provocateurs challenged segregation in ways that resonate today.

Wearing The Lead Glasses

Lead contamination in New Orleans and beyond.

The Lincoln Memorial as a Pyramid? That Wasn’t the Craziest Idea Pitched a Century Ago

Congress had the final say on the design for the slain president’s monument. The competition was intense.
Lithograph of Black wet nurse nursing a white baby.

George Washington’s Midwives

The economics of childbirth under slavery.
William S. Burroughs

William S. Burroughs and the Cult of Rock ‘n’ Roll

From Bob Dylan to David Bowie to The Beatles, the legendary Beat writer’s influence reached beyond literature into music in surprising ways.

Against the Great Man Theory of Historians

Without accounting for the often-invisible work of others in his research, Robert Caro's new memoir is not so much inspiration as an exercise in self-celebration.
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Why The Racial Wealth Gap Persists, More Than 150 Years After Emancipation

When one system of economic oppression collapsed, new ones were created to fill the void.

This Long-Ignored Document by George Washington Lays Bare the Legal Power of Genealogy

In Washington’s Virginia, family was a crucial determinant of social and economic status, and freedom.

Why Pete Buttigieg's Theory About Secretly Gay Presidents Is Complicated

Buttigieg believes he probably won’t be the first gay president if he’s elected in 2020.

‘Some Suburb of Hell’: America’s New Concentration Camp System

The longer a camp system stays open, the more likely it is that vital things will go wrong.

The Square Deal

Some people called it "Welfare Capitalism." George F. Johnson called it "The Square Deal."
Lehman Durr & Co. building in a turn-of-the-century photograph.

‘The Lehman Trilogy’ and Wall Street’s Debt to Slavery

If the play holds up a mirror to our moment, it is by registering slavery in a peripheral glance only to look away.
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The Black Woman Who Launched The Modern Fight For Reparations

Her grass-roots efforts shaped the conversation and presented a path forward.
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