Person

Ashley Rubin

Bylines

The Invention of Incarceration

Prisons have been controversial since their beginnings in the late 1700s — why do they keep failing to live up to expectations?

by Ashley Rubin, Greg Miller via Knowable Magazine on March 18, 2022

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Inventing Solitary

In 1790, Philadelphia opened the first American penitentiary, with the US's first solitary cells. Black people were disproportionately punished from the start.

by Samantha Melamed via Philadelphia Inquirer on June 8, 2022

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