Person

Rutherford B. Hayes

Related Excerpts

The arm of the Statue of Liberty holds aloft a flaming torch.

An Uncertain Triumphalism

America’s centennial in 1876 was celebrated with a grand exhibition that projected an image of unity and inventiveness in the wake of civil war and recession.
Sketch of workers with clubs attacking a national guardsman during the Great Railroad Strike, 1877.

The 1877 Class War That America Forgot

In 1877, one million workers went on strike and fought police and federal troops in cities across America.
The Electoral Commission of 1877 holding a secret session by candle-light.
partner

The Electoral Count Act Is Broken. Fixing It Requires Knowing How It Became Law.

Trump tried to exploit flaws that were embedded in the law from the start.
John Marshall Harlan and Robert James Harlan

The Black Hero Behind One of the Greatest Supreme Court Justices

John Marshall Harlan's relationship with an enslaved man who grew up in his home showed how respect could transcend barriers and point a path to freedom.
A political cartoon of one hand holding another down on a gun.

“If Anybody Says Election to Me, I Want to Fight”

The messy election of 1876.
Charles Milton Bell, Apsáalooke Delegation, 1880.

Apsáalooke Bacheeítuuk in Washington, DC

A case study in re-reading nineteenth-century delegation photography.
Rutherford B. Hayes and Donald Trump.
partner

The Election From Our Past That Blares a Warning for 2020

A contested presidential election in 1876 produced a devastating compromise.

A Disputed Election, a Constitutional Crisis, Polarisation… Welcome to 1876

Eric Foner sees parallels with our own time but warns that yesterday’s solution would be a disaster.

When Adding New States Helped the Republicans

DC statehood would be a modest ploy compared with the mass admission of underpopulated western territories.

The 19th-Century Election That Predicted the Mueller Mess

After Democrats lost in 1876, they set about investigating the new Republican president — only for everything to backfire.

No Matter What He Does, History Says Trump Will Never be Popular

Presidents who win the electoral college but lose the popular vote never really recover.
Illustration of St Louis Workers rioting.
partner

How White Supremacists Responded to the Great Strike of 1877

St. Louis elites responded to a nationwide labor movement with a movement of their own.
A group of people standing in front of the Liberty Bell.

Every 50 Years, America Falls Apart. Then Celebrates Anyway

What 1826, 1876, 1926, and 1976 tell us about 2026.
Joe Biden sitting in the Oval Office.

There Has Been Nothing Like This in American History

Joe Biden is hardly the first president who has decided not to seek a second term—but the circumstances this time are unique.
An 1863 illustration from “Le Monde illustré” of formerly enslaved people celebrating the Emancipation Proclamation.

What If Reconstruction Didn’t End Till 1920?

Historian Manisha Sinha argues that the Second Republic lasted decades longer than most histories state and achieved wider gains.
Image of Preston Brooks pummeling Charles Sumner with a cane in 1856 and a Trump supporter on January 6th, 2021.

The Illiberalism at America’s Core

A new history argues that illiberalism is not a backlash but a central feature from the founding to today.
Sam Yudin of the Jewish American Military Historical Society, left, and Joseph Golden of Temple Beth El in Beckley, W.Va., unveil a sign Monday near Fayetteville marking the 1862 Passover Seder by Union soldiers.

Jewish Soldiers Held a Makeshift Seder in the Middle of the Civil War

Union soldiers improvised a Passover celebration near what's now Fayetteville, W.Va. They're being honored with a sign at the approximate site.
Donald Trump supporters storm the US Capitol on January 6, 2021.

The Failure of Reconstruction Is to Blame for the Weakness of American Democracy

A new book argues that the American right emerged out of a backlash to multiracial democracy following the Civil War.
“Dressing for the Carnival” painting, featuring colorfully dressed character Jonkonnu surrounded by Black women and children.

Race, War, and Winslow Homer

The artist’s experiences in the Civil War and after helped him transcend stereotypes in portraying Black experience.
Map of the Baltimore B&O railroad

The B&O Railroad From Municipal Enterprise To Private Corporation

A cautionary tale about the costs and benefits of public/private partnerships.